The first mechanical clocks began to appear in the 12th century. They were bulky devices, which are

The first mechanical clocks began to appear in the 12th century. They were bulky devices, which are usually installed on the city and church towers. As the mechanism they used weights on chains. Set in motion the chain wheel transmission, adjustable spindle swing and balance folio-shaped balance beam with sliding weights on both arms of this rocker. The period of oscillation aws scales control folio depended on the torque applied to the running wheels, aws scales and was unstable, and the watch itself - very inaccurate. However, despite this, in every major European city were set clock tower - and the length of days, hours and minutes throughout Europe finally became the same 12 hours a day and 12 hours a night. In the 15th century began to emerge device driven by a spring aws scales swing. This has greatly reduced size of the device aws scales - the clock began to appear in the homes of the nobility and wealthy citizens. By the late 16th century aws scales there and pocket watches. However, all of these devices were based on outdated gear and different low accuracy - even the most sophisticated models can be off by 15 minutes per day.
Real boom mechanical watches began only after 1656, when the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens had invented the pendulum clock. Back in 583, Galileo aws scales Galilei discovered that the full swing of the pendulum always occurs aws scales in the same time and at the end of life has created a prototype of a pendulum clock. Pendulum aws scales clock began to spread rapidly, primarily due to the replacement of the balance folio pendulum in existing hours. Familiar to us pendulum clock appeared in the mid 18th century through the work of the British scientist George aws scales Graham, improved mechanisms anchor stroke (the mechanism that regulates the movement of a running wheel) and invented the compensating pendulum (which eliminates the slowing down of hours due to the thermal expansion of the material of the pendulum). By 1930, the most accurate pendulum clock had a deviation of 1 second per year.
In 1674 Huygens project aws scales Parisian watchmaker Thuret were made portable clock with a balance-spiral aws scales with its own oscillation period. Around 1657, Robert Hooke made for King Charles II first clock control spring. It is currently believed that Robert Hooke had applied the Huygens system aws scales balance - spiral as a regulator aws scales of the clock. However, it was the original model of Huygens to further develop and improve the design of hours.
Summary diagram of the device pocket watch has not undergone significant changes: spring engine, gearbox, trigger (stroke), lights, switch mechanism continued to be applied for their intended purpose. Clockwork spring actuates the clock mechanism into action. The transfer mechanism for transferring energy system wheels aws scales and controller, supporting his hesitation. Cloves trigger grip tabs (pallets) arm swinging aws scales back and forth. As for the other end of the lever wheel balancing. Whenever balance rocking lever rises and moves the trigger on one tooth. Next tooth pushes a lever, and that in turn transmits momentum balance.
In the early 17th century pocket watches have been applied support of gemstone - ruby. Their inventors considered Nicholas Fazio, Pierre Jacob Defobry. Application pallet impulse stones, poles and axes for spigots of boule reduces friction and wear. Stone bearing a long time to grease, which also contributes to the stable operation of the mechanism. Number of gemstones hours increased with falling prices. The only parts that really require the use of stones that gear - just as it is under constant load. Total hours required seventeen stones to cover all mechanisms. In qualitative watches aws scales stones are added to the lever and trigger mechanism, increasing the number to twenty-one. Sometimes also used stones in spring mechanism - total twenty three. Double action mechanism, which appeared in the 1950s still requires two to four stones. However, in marine chronometers often used only seven stones, but they are the most accurate models aws scales of mechanical watches. In the 60-70s of the last century began to be used by marketers aws scales to advertise stones: so there were models with 41, 53, 100 75ili stones. Most of the additional stones not actually carrying any useful function. In 1974, this practice aws scales was banned industry standards.
Finally in 1795 the Swiss watchmaker aws scales Abraham Breguet invented the most complicated watch mechanism - tourbillon. Tourbillon is designed aws scales to eliminate the effects of gravity by placing the trigger and balance aws scales in a rotating cage around minute gear. Far from obvious that the tourbillon really raised the precision of two years ago, and at the moment it is simply useless, but its presence